The Climatology & Climate Studies unit compiles and analyses climatological records of Singapore as well as conducts quality checks and archives all meteorological data acquired in routine operations. The services offered include the provision of climatological summaries, analysis and extracts of the data to users to facilitate better planning and decision-making by the general public and various sectors of the economy. It is also responsible for the recruitment of ships to participate in the WMO Voluntary Observing Ship Programme to provide meteorological observations on the high seas, and to promote marine weather services to the shipping community. The Marine Port Officer of this section regularly visits ships docking in Singapore to help install and calibrate onboard meteorological instruments. 

The Climate Modelling & Prediction unit conducts modelling and research to determine the impacts of climate change and variability on Singapore.  It uses regional climate modelling and statistical downscaling techniques to downscale Global Climate Models (GCM) to obtain fine-scale climate changes over Singapore.  The future climate change information is provided to government and other agencies for policy development and decision-making. It actively develops collaboration projects with other research institutes and agencies in climate-modelling and prediction research.  Other areas of work includes the analysis of extreme climate and short term climate prediction for Singapore and the region.

The Weather & Environmental Prediction unit promotes and conducts meteorological research. In particular, it engages in partnership with other research institutes and agencies in weather-prediction research, and studies of monsoons and local weather systems. It also maintains a number of computerised applications systems and tools that were developed or implemented in-house. These include the extended use of remote sensing information for environmental pollution monitoring and tools to predict the dispersion of atmospheric pollutants such as smoke haze and volcanic ash. It also runs the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) system to produce daily forecasts for use by the Operational Services Department. The unit also develops and pilot tests new products, such as weather@sg on mobile phones, with public agencies and private sector partners.