CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE CONTROL OF LEGIONELLA BACTERIA IN COOLING TOWERS
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
PART I: PRELIMINARY
1. Purpose
2. Scope and application
3. Responsibility
PART II: COOLING TOWERS IN BUILDINGS
4. Cooling tower design and construction
5. Location of cooling tower
6. Source of water
7. Discharge of water
8. Commissioning and operation
PART III: SERVICING, MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING OF COOLING SYSTEM
9. Maintenance
10. Cleaning and disinfection
11. Water treatment
12. Biocide
13. Record keeping
14. Action plan for an outbreak
15. Water sampling and bacteriological monitoring
16. Enforcement action for legionella and standard plate count contamination
PART IV: WORKER SAFETY
17. Training
18. Personal Protection of workers
Appendices
A. Information required for the registration of cooling towers
B. Allowable limits for trade effluent discharge to a public sewer
C. Checklist for assessment of health risk of cooling towers
D. A record of responsibility and activities to control legionella bacteria in a specified cooling system
E. References
F. Glossary of terms
Published by:
Institute of Environmental Epidemiology
Ministry of the Environment, Singapore
40 Scotts Road #22-00
Singapore 228231
a World Health Organisation
Collaborating Centre for
Environmental Epidemiology
First edition, August 1992
Second edition, June 1994
Third edition, June 1998
Fourth edition, March 2001
Tel: (65)67319361 Fax: (65)67348287
E-mail: ENV_IEE@ENV.gov.sg
O No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the
written permission of the Institute of Environmental Epidemiology,
Ministry of the Environment.
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